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	<title>California Literary Review &#187; Italy</title>
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	<link>http://calitreview.com</link>
	<description>Book reviews, essays, and author interviews.</description>
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		<title>Italics: Italian Art between Tradition and Revolution 1968–2008 at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/6016</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/6016#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Jan 2010 15:31:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jane Friedman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art & Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art contemporary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art exhibit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=6016</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In Roberto Cuoghi’s 2006 portrait of Davide Halevim, one of the highlights of the section entitled “Representations of Mortality,” Halevim is covered in leaves, dirt, and twigs; his face is discolored; and rigor mortis appears to have set in. But Halevim was alive (and still is) when Cuoghi made this depiction of the Milan-based collector. To create this work, part of the artist’s series of portraits of art-world figures begun in 2001, Cuoghi made a cast of Halevim’s face, buried it in his garden to let the process of decomposition run its course, and then photographed the results.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Paul Bril’s Restored Paintings in the San Silvestro Chapel at Rome’s Sancta Sanctorum</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/5547</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/5547#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 15:16:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Judith Harris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art & Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art baroque]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paul Bril]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Renaissance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sixteenth century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=5547</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Born in Antwerp in 1554, Bril was working in Italy at the end of the century, where his landscapes marked the transition between what Paolucci called the “autumn of Mannerism” of the Renaissance and the birth of the Baroque style. The change was enormous, and Bril is acknowledged as among its authors.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>A New Look at Rome’s Rousing Middle Ages</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/4421</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/4421#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Aug 2009 14:24:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Judith Harris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Archeology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art & Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ancient Rome]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art exhibit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Middle Ages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[thirteenth century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=4421</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[When its doors first opened in 1734, the Capitoline Museum, which stands upon the hilltop that is the very heart of Rome, was one of the first European public museums and a favorite haunt of the wealthy Grand Tourists from all over Europe. As of July 30 this venerable museum offers something novel to all tourists—a chance for a fresh look at a relatively neglected period of Roman history and the arts, the Middle Ages.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Vanished Smile: The Mysterious Theft of Mona Lisa by R.A. Scotti</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/3792</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/3792#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2009 13:02:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David Loftus</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art forgery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Leonardo da Vinci]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Louvre]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Michelangelo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Picasso]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=3792</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Not quite a century ago, on August 29, 1911, thousands of people began flocking to the Louvre (among them, Franz Kafka and his friend Max Brod) to gaze at a blank space on a wall. The 49-acre Louvre – still the largest museum in the world today – had been closed for most of the preceding week for the investigation of a singular occurrence: the most famous painting in the world had disappeared from that blank spot.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Celebrating Galileo in Florence</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/2768</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/2768#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2009 02:39:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Judith Harris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art & Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[astronomy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[galileo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Renaissance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[seventeenth century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=2768</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[2009 is officially “The Year of Astronomy,” commemorating Galilei’s first observation of the Moon through his telescope in November of 1609. Born in Pisa, Galileo Galilei worked in Florence, where the fourth centennial of his discovery is being celebrated with a stunning and sophisticated exhibition which took four years to prepare.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Fires of Vesuvius: Pompeii Lost and Found by Mary Beard</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/2664</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/2664#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2009 16:04:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Judith Harris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Archeology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ancient history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ancient Rome]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mary beard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pompeii]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=2664</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Nevertheless, in my personal library there are 130 books on Pompeii. Of all these, this is the one I would choose to read first.]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://calitreview.com/2664/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Patron’s Payoff: Conspicuous Commissions in Italian Renaissance Art by Jonathan K. Nelson and Richard J. Zeckhauser</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/2491</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/2491#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 2009 16:22:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Judith Harris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Renaissance]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=2491</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[No less than the American financier who donates a museum wing on condition it bears his name, or the merchandiser who endows a university institute named for him, the results of Renaissance patronage had to be, first of all, highly visible.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Amarcord: Marcella Remembers by Marcella Hazan</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/2118</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/2118#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2009 15:56:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David Lida</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Food]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cooking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marcella Hazan]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=2118</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If we are what we eat, then Marcella Hazan, the author of what are often recognized as the best six Italian cookbooks ever published in English, has been writing her autobiography since 1973. That is the year when <em>The Classic Italian Cookbook</em>, her first effort, saw the light of day. Thirty-five years later, with increasingly sophisticated recipe books, restaurants and food industries in the United States, it is hard to remember how groundbreaking Hazan’s work has been.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Casanova by Ian Kelly</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/1774</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/1774#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Dec 2008 14:36:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elinor Teele</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theatre]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Casanova]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ian Kelly]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=1774</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ah, Casanova. Men want to be him, and women want to be with him. Or is it the other way around? He’s Romeo with cojones, Bond without the Beretta, a man more sinned with than sinning. In the annals of sexual conquest, there has seldom been a more entertaining and knowing chronicler. Casanova, according to Casanova, was a legend.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Dilettanti: The Antic and the Antique in Eighteenth-Century England by Bruce Redford</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/1730</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/1730#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 30 Nov 2008 14:07:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Judith Harris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Archeology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Great Britain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bruce Redford]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dilettanti]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eighteenth century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=1730</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A famous double portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds shows members of the Dilettanti Society sipping away while making rude gestures about vaginas while holding up gemstones from classical antiquity and admiring painted Greco-Roman vases.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Imag(in)ing America</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/786</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/786#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2008 18:18:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Judith Harris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fascism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hitler]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mussolini]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/?p=786</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The confrontation between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama was to the Italians the “political, intellectual, and moral equivalent of the first U.S. moon landing; and as a European I am stuck down here on earth watching the Yankee space ship make its landing way up there,” Valli wrote.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Notes from Italy: A Homer of the Dolomites</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/604</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/604#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 13:35:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mythology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ancient history]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/topics/mythology/604/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Some say that the story of the Kingdom of Fanes is an epic that goes back to the Bronze Age in the Dolomites. How could such a story come down to us? No one in those parts knew writing, three thousand years ago or more. We don’t even know what languages people spoke then in the Dolomites. And what kind of kingdom could that have been?]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Erotic Art of Ancient Pompeii</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/313</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/313#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Feb 2008 15:35:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Judith Harris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art & Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[erotic art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marquis de Sade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pompeii]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2008/02/14/erotic-art-of-ancient-pompeii/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A favourite theme which recurred again and again in wall paintings was the satyr creeping up behind a nymph to catch her by surprise. In at least one case the nymph, her veil ripped away, turns out to be a hermaphrodite, to the satyr’s theatrical dismay, and the observer’s amusement. Some wall paintings showed homosexual sex and, because African motifs were popular, another depicted picnicking pygmies enjoying a group orgy under a tent.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>7</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Notes From Italy: Villains, Romance, and Views</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/315</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/315#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 14:07:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Military]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Writers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2008/02/07/notes-from-italy-villains-romance-and-views/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Filettino was not always a happy place, in history or in fiction. In the time of the Caesars the people here were Aequi, an Italic tribe of rough herders whom the Romans subdued with difficulty. For many centuries, probably millennia, the Aequi practiced transhumance, leading their herds over the Serra in late autumn to spend the winter in pastures in the Liri valley far below, and returning to the uplands for summer.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Notes from Italy: Getting into the Mountains</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/304</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/304#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2008 15:36:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adventure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hiking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mountain climbing]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2008/01/10/notes-from-italy-getting-into-the-mountains/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I did not know that Neanderthals once lived hereabouts; that farmers first settled here six thousand years ago; that nearby, down on the Campagna, the Gauls defeated the Romans in 390 B.C. before going on to take Rome itself. I knew dimly that the Allied forces had fought the Wehrmacht in these parts in 1944, but not that the day before the Americans took Marcellina, the Germans rounded up all the village men they could find and shot them in reprisal for the killing of two German grenadiers.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Daniel Barenboim at La Scala</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/296</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/296#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 11 Dec 2007 15:17:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Judith Harris</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Israel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Music]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Performing Arts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[classical music]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Daniel Barenboim]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[La Scala]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2007/12/11/daniel-barenboim-at-la-scala/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Drama number three was the presence on the podium of Daniel Barenboim, the child prodigy born in 1942 in Argentina to Russian parents, who moved with him to Israel when he was ten. This opera performance, which furthermore inaugurates the newly restored theater, was the first by Barenboim as conductor of the orchestra that had performed under the batons of Arturo Toscanini and, more recently, the flamboyant Riccardo Muti. Although Barenboim has performed Wagner many times elsewhere, La Scala audiences have not seen a Wagnerian opera for three decades, and his making this selection can still raise a few eyebrows.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Notes From Italy: Some Old Envoys</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/288</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/288#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Nov 2007 19:19:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George Perkins Marsh]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nineteenth century]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2007/11/29/notes-from-italy-some-old-envoys/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Counts who stank of garlic–as did the whole country–had sponged on him for seats in his box at the opera. He was meeting diplomats who had “titles as long as a flagstaff, and heads as empty as their hearts.” These were strictly private comments, Daniel told Peticolas, and none of it should get into the papers. All of it did, in Richmond and soon in Turin. Now it was not garlic but what people called “the garlic letter” that caused a stink.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Day of Battle by Rick Atkinson</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/284</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/284#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Nov 2007 16:10:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Military]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Franklin Roosevelt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George Patton]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hitler]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rick Atkinson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Winston Churchill]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War II]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2007/11/14/the-day-of-battle-by-rick-atkinson/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This long, well documented book by Rick Atkinson is one of the best accounts of any war to appear in the last decade or more. ]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://calitreview.com/284/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Notes From Italy: The Oversized Embassy</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/280</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/280#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Nov 2007 15:01:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Fiction Reviews]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2007/11/06/notes-from-italy-the-oversized-embassy/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Nor, it seems, do Americans get out of their diplomatic fortress the way they used to. Italians say they do not have the American friends and acquaintances that they used to. What do embassy officers do with their time? Like many professionals in this country, they spend hours in front of computer screens, busy with e-mail. That may be work, but it has little to do with representing the United States.]]></description>
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		<title>Notes from Italy: Romulus and Neighbors</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/268</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/268#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Oct 2007 13:07:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[ancient history]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2007/10/17/notes-from-italy-romulus-and-neighbors/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The next time you go to Rome, take a half-day to go to Pomezia, just south of the Alban hills, a few miles inland from the sea. The town is unlovely but the new Pomezia museum contains some of the most beautiful terracotta statues of women that I know, dating from several centuries before Christ. It also contains exhibits that trace the story of Aeneas in Italy back to at least the eighth century B.C. You may well leave Pomezia convinced that someone, whose name may have been Aeneas, landed on the nearby coast a millennium or so before Christ–and married the daughter of the king of the local Latins–and had a descendant named Romulus. Not just Virgil but Dionysius gives a detailed account of all this.]]></description>
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		<title>Notes From Italy: Running, Rome, and Red Brigades</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/258</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/258#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Sep 2007 13:46:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2007/09/12/notes-from-italy-running-rome-and-red-brigades/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I knew what was coming but it was always a thrill.  Suddenly to our left the world opened out and there was the grandest of piazzas, Piazza Navona. The name Navona and the piazza’s long oval form go back to its origin as the Circus Agonale.  This was a stadium, inaugurated by the Emperor Domitian in 86 A.D., that was designed to host a Roman alternative to the Olympic games (and to the gladiators in the Colosseum, that had been built by Domitian’s father and brother, Vespasian and Titus).  I never liked Domitian.  He was big on public works but a terrible administrator.  He may or may not have killed a lot of Christians but he was certainly a murderer of many opponents--until they murdered him in the year 96.]]></description>
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		<title>Notes From Italy: Looking Back at Mussolini</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/251</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/251#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Aug 2007 14:55:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2007/08/28/notes-from-italy-looking-back-at-mussolini/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mussolini was not the only dictator of his time.  In his Europe, in a time of worldwide economic depression, a whole series of governments were run by “strong men.”  Besides Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany, there were authoritarian regimes if not dictatorships in the 1930s in Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, and Spain.  There were Blueshirts in Ireland, Blackshirts in Britain, and Vidkun Quisling’s followers in Norway.  At the eastern end of Europe lay the greatest dictatorship of them all, Stalin’s Soviet Union.]]></description>
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		<title>Notes From Italy: Cimitero Acattolico</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/249</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/249#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Aug 2007 15:29:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2007/08/15/notes-from-italy-cimitero-acattolico/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In 1738 came the first burial by the Pyramid that we know of, that of a young Oxford graduate named Langton.  After him a number of other non-Catholic foreigners were buried there, and not just English people; there is a record of a student from Hannover being buried there a few years later.   But while the Papal authorities now tolerated the non-Catholic burials, they had to take place at night, probably to lessen the possibility that the local folk would mock if not attack the foreigners’ funeral processions.  (As late as 1854 a small mob tried to assault a Protestant clergyman who had officiated at the funeral of the wife of a German diplomat.)]]></description>
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		<title>Notes From Italy: Dawn in the Suburra</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/242</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/242#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Jul 2007 15:26:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2007/07/24/notes-from-italy-dawn-in-the-suburra/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In early June, the best time in Rome is dawn. A little after first light the song of a neighbor blackbird wakes me in our little fifth-floor flat on the Via Urbana. I dream for a few minutes but again the blackbird wakes me and I get up. I walk to the window. High above the rooftops the swallows are already darting, soaring, plunging, on their morning quest for insects. A plump big seagull flies over, one of the many that have invaded Rome skies in recent years. I manage to shave and dress without waking my wife, and I walk down the stairs and out into our street. ]]></description>
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		<title>Notes From Italy: Sunday With the CAI</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/236</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/236#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Jul 2007 14:28:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Italy]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com/2007/07/10/notes-from-italy-sunday-with-the-cai/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This is not Labrador. We are fifty miles northeast of Rome and a mile above sea level, climbing Monte Cava in the Central Apennines, on one of our Sunday jaunts with the Club Alpino Italiano, Sezione Roma. Just ahead of me is my wife, Mary Jane, and beyond her I can see Antonello the orthodontist, and beyond him Alessandro, a banker on weekdays but today our Leader.]]></description>
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		<title>My Father Il Duce: A Memoir by Mussolini&#8217;s Son &#8211; by Romano Mussolini</title>
		<link>http://calitreview.com/144</link>
		<comments>http://calitreview.com/144#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Apr 2007 08:48:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Bridges</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://calitreview.com//non-fiction-reviews/my-father-il-duce-a-memoir-by-mussolinis-son-by-romano-mussolini/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Benito Mussolini had more than one mistress but only one wife, whom he legally married five years after the birth of their first child, Edda.]]></description>
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